... by: Sonny

What were some of the most important words related to the topic, and what do they mean?Photosynthesis- making from light when leaves make food.Food pyramid- it’s a graph to show that plants go on the bottom since they are producers and animals are on top.Hydroponics-a way to grow foodHydroponictist- a person who grows foodList a few things you learnt from the video.Pizza comes from plantsMost plants are in the oceanLiving things depend on plantsWhy is this topic important?This topic is important because we need to know that people depend on animals to live and so that we don’t take down so many trees.Have you had experiences in your life that help you understand this topic?Yes, because we studied food webs, food chains, and the food pyramids.BONUS QUESTIONSOn what do all living things depend to survive?All living things depend on producers to survive because without the sun their wouldn’t any plants and without plants their wouldn’t be any people or animals.What do decomposers do?Decomposers eat dead things and they release nutrients.What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis- making from light when leaves make food.

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... by: Kailey

Bill Nye Food Web: SammieWhat were some of the most important words related to the topic, and what do they mean?Carbon Dioxide- The stuff that we breathe out.~Food Pyramid- Is a source of nutrients.~Decomposers- worms, bacteria etc.~Oxygen- The stuff that breathe in.~Hydroponics- The way to grow food.~Photosynthesis- A process by which green plants and other organisms turn carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen, using light energy trapped by chlorophyll.List a few things you learnt from the video.~Wheat is a plant.~The food web is just like the food pyramid.~Most plants live in the Ocean.~Pizza is made by Plants.Did any parts of the video puzzle or confuse you?~No.Why is this topic important?~This topic is important because if the food web didn’t exist, all living things would die eventually!Have you had experiences in your life that help you understand this topic?Yes, I have watched the video before.~BONUS QUESTIONS~On what do all living things depend to survive?~ Living things depend on plants.What do decomposers do?~Decomposers eat dead stuff.What is photosynthesis?~A process by which green plants and other organisms turn carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen, using light energy trapped by chlorophyll.

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... by: ksusic

RYzoD8 kwsogcgfmeug

... by: gkcktmgmzkh

D4EHDD obmpfmefjqzx

... by: Cadet

This has been going on for over a year. The problem comes and goes. I tried on many mhiecnas pretty sure the problem is Yahoo. Not seem to care much about it. You have not answered my question.

... by: Sotir

SE=9.0
SSTS to UP=29
1) AUR(34)AF79: =>A79<>3
2) FXW(5): GHJ4=A4-A9=J9,=>J56<>5
3) (1)ABC5=(1-4)J5=(4-9)J3=J1-(9=78)DE1-(8=5)E2-(5=6)E5-(6=1)D4.=>A4<>1
4) (8)C3=C2-(1=19)CBD2-(4)D2=(4)D3,=>D3<>8
5) Kraken : (1)J456,=>J6<>2
(1)J4-(1=6)D4-(6=5)E5-(5=8)E2-C2=(8-2)C3=(2)C6
||
(1-4)J5=(4-8)J3=(8-2)C3=(2)C6
||
(1)J6
6) (3=5)A4-B56=(5-3)B7=(3)C9,=>C5<>3
7) (7=1)J6-F6=F3-A3=A56-(1=7)C5,=>BC6<>7
8) (8)C3=(8-4)J3=(4-1)J5=J4-(1=6)D4-(6=5)E5-(5=8)E2,=>C2<>8. STE

... by: ray

Sorry ! typing error. It should be the 6_tuple (J7,H9,G8,J4,D5,D6) = (4,2,1,3,8,9).

... by: ray

Oops! The puzzle is " Second Flush".

... by: ray

The "Golden Flush" puzzle can be solved only basic strategies and Fariadne's method. Using the
bi-location cells (J7,H9,G8,D5,D6) to form a progressive 5-tuple by forcing the cell values and retaining only the "inconclusive results" progressive n-tuple values . When the 5-tuple(J7,H9,G8,
D5,D6) = (4,2,1,3,8,9) a solutions is found.
Using this solution, the following other solutions can be found: 2-cell B4A7 = (8,6) and one of the
3-cell F1F2F3 = (2,6,4) when applying only basic strategies.

... by: Steve P

not too bad 2.21

... by: fariadne

Sorry, I meant June 26.

... by: fariadne

Update:

In regard to my comments on June 24. The upper bound is indeed at least 3 as Puzzle #66 shows! As is to be expected, Puzzle #66 is extremely difficult.

... by: Leren

Not quite sure what all the fuss about these so called "hardest" puzzles is. # 28 is completely trivial when the double Exocet structure at the start (38 eliminations) is cleared. # 49 is harder but solves similarly to puzzles like Fata Morgana or Tungston rod with an Exocet/Abi loop structure at the start (16 eliminations). The latest Inkala puzzle has a couple of Rank 0 logic structures at the start so technically is a bit weaker than Escargot but takes a bit longer to solve .

The "most difficult" puzzle for my solver at the moment is the following, called "Second Flush"

12..3....4....1.2...52..1..5..4..2......6..7......3..8.5....9....9.7..3......8..6

This is closely followed by many (ie many 000's) of others, including the following "Golden Nugget", a classic "most difficult" puzzle.

.......39.....1..5..3.5.8....8.9...6.7...2...1..4.......9.8..5..2....6..4..7.....


Enjoy!!

... by: JC Van Hay

http://forum.enjoysudoku.com/has-anyone-ever-tried-solved-the-ai-escargot-t30203-15.html

... by: fariande

The New Inkala Puzzle

Employing the algorithm found on the Puzzle #56 site, we find a solution path for the new Inkala Puzzle cited in the comments by Andrew. As is always the case, we only use the basic strategies 1-6.

Load and save the puzzle in the Solver and turn off all strategies other than the basic 1-6 under Show Candidates. Then proceed as far as possible in the Solver. The Solver gets stuck before it fills in any cells. At this point in time, I think that cells D4 and E4 lying in Column 4 and Box 5 are good cells to begin a solution path since both these cells have the same set of 4 candidate values and these values are widely distributed within the aforementioned Column and Box cells.

So we will start with cell D4 having the two candidate values 2, 3, 8 and 9. Inserting 2 for D4 and proceeding with the Solver yields an inconclusive result. Similarly, 3, 8 and 9 also yield inconclusive results. Thus, all four candidates get carried to the next step.

Next we add cell E4 to the mix and search for a valid starting path of the form (D4, E4). Since E4 has the same four candidates as D4, the 16 candidates for a (D4, E4) starting path are (2,2), (2,3), (2,8), (2,9), (3,2), (3,3), (3,8), (3,9), (8,2), (8,3), (8,8), (8,9), (9,2), (9,3), (9,8) and (9,9). Of course, the four 2-tuples (2,2), (3,3), (8,8) and (9,9) are immediate contradictions leaving us with only twelve 2-tuples to check. Inserting (2,3) for (D4, E4) and proceeding with the Solver yields an inconclusive result. Inserting (2,8) for (D4, E4) and proceeding with the Solver yields the complete solution and we are done . Thus, (D4, E4) = (2,8) is a 2-cell solution path using only the strategies 1-6.


Using the solution just found it is easy to show that there are no 1-cell solution paths using only the strategies 1-6. The 2-cell solution path (D4, E4) = (2,8) we found is not optimal. It takes some tedious work but it is not difficult to show that there are four optimal 2-cell solution paths and they are (B2, J4) = (4,3), (E3, D3) = (9,4), (F5, E4) = (6,8) and (G2, J4 ) = ( 2,3) in which the first component of each path is a 3-candidate cell and the second component is a 4-candidate cell giving a product of 3x4=12 instead of 4x4=16.

... by: Goues

Oh, sorry, didn't see it being there already :D

... by: Goues

http://4unews.com/50002/world-hardest-sudoku-level-11-arto-inkala/entertainment/
There you go...

Btw, I can't even solve sathurdays, I just felt like sharing this :D

... by: Andrew Stuart

I have changed my tune on potential for Level-3 puzzples. I've now checked all the level 2 unsolvables. David Filmer is the hands down winner with these two puzzles:

• Unsolvable #28 just 9 out of 1711 (0.526%)
• Unsolvable #49 with 24 out of 1711 (1.4%)
Interestingly, a new puzzle by Arto Inkala which is in the Daily Telegraph claims to be the 'new hardest ever' but according to the this new metic it does not beat David Filmers two puzzles. It is a level 2 unsolvable with 79 out of a possible 1770 pairs of cells giving a 4.5% 'trivialization' rate. So only third place. All the remaining unsolvables and extremes contain between 5% and 30% of pairs.

So our weak conjecture, fariande, might be defeated. The first puzzle is tantalizingly close to a level 3.

You can load Arto Inkala's puzzle from this link

... by: fariande

Andrew,

The data cited in your article makes it a reasonable conjecture that the least upper bound is 2. In all likelihood we will never know its true value. I personally tend to think that it is larger and is probably 3. My only reason for thinking this is that there are far too many cases in which 2 well-chosen cell assignments are required. A weak reason for sure!

... by: Andrew Stuart

Hi All. Too much to write so I've created an article. Love to here your views either here or on that page.

... by: Andrew Stuart

Hi All
I have some great stats and nice charts to put up. I'll do a write up tomorrow. I've been looking at how inserting a number (or two) effects the difficulty of a puzzle along the lines of fariande's idea. More tomorrow :)

... by: Andrew Stuart

Interesting discussion. I shall have to add this test and see if it's possible to find an upper bound over 2.

... by: fariande

Optimal Solutions Using Only The Basic
Strategies 1-6 In Stuart’s Solver

I find the information given below very interesting as it shows that all of Stuart’s unsolvable puzzles to date are only one or two well-chosen cell assignments away from being solvable by using only the basic strategies 1-6 in Stuart’s Solver. The same is true for some of the more famous sudokus such as the Golden Nugget, the Easter Monster, Al Escargot and Arto Inkala’s Sudoku of 8/23/2010. In fact, I have yet to see an example in which more than two cells are required. So is 2 the least upper bound for the number of cells required? If not what is the least upper bound? My gut feeling is that the only way to find the least upper bound is to test every sudoku. For the moment however, I would be happy to see an example in which more than two cells are required.

As usual I am assuming that Stuart’s Solver is being used with all strategies turned off except the basic 1-6 under Show Candidates.

The table below shows that only four of the Stuart Puzzles do not have a 1-cell solution path and each of these four have a 2-cell solution path.

For the 1-cell solution path puzzles, the first number inside the curly brackets is the number of cell candidates for the chosen cell when the Solver gets stuck and the second number is the number of 1-cell solution paths. The given solution is optimal in the sense that no other cell used for a 1-cell solution path has a smaller number of cell candidates.

For the 2-cell solution path puzzles, the number inside the curly brackets is the product of the number of cell candidates for the two chosen cells when the Solver gets stuck. The solution is optimal in the sense that no other pair of cells used for a 2-cell solution path has a smaller product.


Puzzle #1: D2=9 {2,18} Puzzle #2: J4=3 {2,16}
Puzzle #3: G4=5 {4,3}} Puzzle #4: (C3,F4)=(8,6) {2x3=6}
Puzzle #5: D8=1 {4,3} Puzzle #6: B1=1 {3,3}
Puzzle #7: A2=9 {2,13} Puzzle #8: B2=7 {3,21}
Puzzle #9: D9=9 {2,12} Puzzle #10: G7=5 {3,12}
Puzzle #11: A3=7 {2,26} Puzzle #12: A2=6 {2,13}
Puzzle #13: G7=4 {2,7} Puzzle #14: A3=1 {3,7}
Puzzle #15: H3=4 {4,2} Puzzle #16: A5=5 {2,10}
Puzzle #17: E1=3 {3,3} Puzzle #18: G2=8 {2,16}
Puzzle #19: J6=3 {2,7} Puzzle #20: D4=7 {2,7}
Puzzle #21: H9=1 {2,16} Puzzle #22: B7=9 {2,17}
Puzzle #23: C2=5 {3,5} Puzzle #24: B6=5 {3,5}
Puzzle #25: A9=4 {2,16} Puzzle #26: B2=1 {3,6}
Puzzle #27: A2=5 {3,15} Puzzle #28: (C1,E8)=(3,9) {3x4=12}
Puzzle #29: (B6,H1)=(9,9) {3x2=6} Puzzle #30: D2=6 {2,14}
Puzzle #31: E6=7 {2,13} Puzzle #32: E1=6 {3,6}
Puzzle #33: A8=8 {3,4} Puzzle #34: G3=9 {3,2
Puzzle #35: C4=6 {2,11} Puzzle #36: E1=4 {3,6}
Puzzle #37: E2=7 {3,6} Puzzle #38: E4=5 {4,4}
Puzzle #39: A1=5 {4,4} Puzzle #40: C6=3 {2,14
Puzzle #41: J2=5 {3,10} Puzzle #44: F5=8 {2,25}
Puzzle #45: B5=7 {3,6} Puzzle #46: F5=8 {3,7}
Puzzle #47: A9=8 {3,3} Puzzle #48: C3=8 {3,2}
Puzzle #49:(A2,D3)=(4,8) {3x5=15} Puzzle #50: G1=1 {3,10}
Puzzle #51: C3=3 {4,6} Puzzle #52: A2=6 {2,11}
Puzzle #53: F3=9 {3,9} Puzzle #54: B6=2 {2,6}
Puzzle #55: G3=8 {4,1} Puzzle #56: E9=3 {3,9}
Puzzle #57: H4=9 {3,5} Puzzle #58: G4=4 {3,6}
Puzzle #59: F5=8 {5,1} Puzzle#60: B6=6 {4,2}
Puzzle #61: F3=5 {2, 17}

... by: fariande

Technically we use the algorithm found on the Puzzle #56 site to finds a solution path using only the strategies 1-6 although the solution in this case is so simple the algorithm is really not needed.

Load and save the puzzle in the Solver and turn off all strategies other than the basic 1-6 under Show Candidates. Then proceed as far as possible in the Solver. The Solver fills in the correct cell values for the three cells E8, F1 and F8 before getting stuck. At this time, Row F is certainly the best place to start looking for a solution path since the four unknown cells in that row split into 15 and 34 pairs.

We start with the 2-candidate cell F3 having the candidates 1 and 5. Inserting 1 for F3 and proceeding with the Solver yields an inconclusive result. However, inserting 5 for F3 and proceeding with the Solver yields the complete solution and we are done.

Using the solution just found it is easy to show that there are exactly seventeen 1-cell solution paths using only the basic strategies 1-6. They are A3=1, A4=3, B6=5, C5=1, D1=9, D2=1, D4=6, E2=8, E5=5, E9=6, F3=5, F6=1, G2=5, G5=6, H5=3, J1=8 and J4=1.

I consider this to be the easiest of the 61 puzzles. There are nine 2-candidate cells when the Solver gets stuck and five of these cells give a 1-cell solution path. They are D4=6, E2=8, E5=5, F3=5 and F6=1.

... by: JC Van HAy

+6D4 is a backdoor

while

+1D4->{+5F6 and [+1F3->+1A56->(9B5=(9-1)A5=(1-4)J5=4J3-4D3=(4-9)D2=9B2)->+6B3]}->+7B6->contradiction using only singles